Have you decided what to do with your Windows 10 PCs when they reach their official end-of-support date just over a year from now?

I know some people who are convinced that Microsoft will back down at the last minute and extend that deadline. I’m betting against that happening. The end date is right there on the Microsoft Support document that lists “products retiring or reaching the end of support in 2025.” 

The schedule is defined by Microsoft’s Modern Lifecycle Policy, which is documented on the Microsoft Lifecycle page: “Windows 10 will reach end of support on October 14, 2025. The current version, 22H2, will be the final version of Windows 10, and all editions will remain in support with monthly security update releases through that date.”

Also: Windows 11 FAQ: ZDNET’s upgrade guide and everything else you need to know

When a Windows version reaches its end-of-support date, the software keeps working, but the update channel grinds to a halt:

[There] will be no new security updates, non-security updates, or assisted support. Customers are encouraged to migrate to the latest version of the product or service. Paid programs may be available for applicable products.

That part in the middle sounds encouraging, doesn’t it? “Customers are encouraged to migrate to the latest version of the product or service.” Unfortunately, that’s not a supported option for customers running Windows 10 on hardware that doesn’t meet the stringent hardware compatibility requirements of Windows 11. 

If you try to upgrade one of those PCs to Windows 11, you’ll encounter an error message. In a separate support article, Microsoft reiterates that as of October 14, 2025, they will no longer provide technical support or security and reliability fixes for PCs running Windows 10.

Also: Windows 11: Do these six things right away after you finish setup

If you’re responsible for one or more Windows 10 PCs that fail Microsoft’s Windows 11 compatibility tests, what should you do? You have five options.

1. Ignore the end-of-support deadline completely

You could do nothing at all — just continue running your unsupported operating system and hope for the best. That’s a bad idea that exposes you to the very real possibility that you’ll fall prey to a security exploit.

I’ve heard from some folks who believe that using third-party antivirus software will protect them from harm. I wouldn’t bet my business on that strategy. 

If you’re intent on doing so, consider installing the free 0patch agent to deal with any security issues that aren’t addressed by Microsoft. That option is free for personal use, but for business or enterprise use, you’ll need to pay for 0patch support at a rate that equates to a few dollars a month.

2. Buy a new PC

Microsoft and its partners would like you to replace that unsupported hardware with a new PC. You might even be tempted by one of the shiny new Copilot+ PCs, with their custom neural processing units, or maybe a powerful gaming PC. But throwing away a perfectly good computer seems wasteful, and it’s not an option if you’re hanging on to Windows 10 because you have mission-critical software that is incompatible with Windows 11.

3. Ditch Windows completely

You could keep your old hardware and replace Windows 10 with the flavor of Linux you prefer. If you’ve got the technical know-how and experience to manage the transition, that option is worth considering.

Switching to Google’s free ChromeOS Flex might also be possible, although the compatibility requirements for that alternative are just as likely to get in your way. I wrote about my experience here: “Installing ChromeOS Flex? 5 things you need to do first to avoid headaches.” As I pointed out there, “If you’ve got an old PC or Mac and you’re thinking of installing ChromeOS Flex on it, don’t do anything until you check Google’s official ChromeOS Flex Certified models list.” 

Also: Stop paying for antivirus software. Here’s why you don’t need it

And pay special attention to the End of Support date for the PC you’re thinking of upgrading. It doesn’t make much sense to replace Windows 10 with a release of ChromeOS Flex that’s also set to end support in 2025 or earlier.

Switching to Linux or some derivative of Linux might be a good way to repurpose an old PC but for the overwhelming majority of consumers and businesses that have existing investments in Windows software, it’s not a realistic alternative.

The final two options are more attractive.

4. Pay Microsoft for security updates

Do you remember the official support document that I quoted earlier? The one that says there will be “no new security updates” after Windows 10 reaches its end-of-support date? It turns out that’s not exactly true. Microsoft will indeed continue developing security updates for Windows 10, but they won’t be free. Microsoft announced in December 2023 that it will offer Extended Security Options (ESUs) for Windows 10; these subscription-based updates will be available for up to three years.

How much are these paid-for updates going to cost? Microsoft finally revealed the price list in April 2024. If you’re an administrator at an educational institution with a deployment of Windows 10 Education edition, you’re in luck. Those extended updates will cost literally a dollar per machine for the first year, $2 for the second year, and $4 for the third and final year, taking you all the way to 2028.

The rest of us aren’t so lucky:

Business customers will need to pay dearly to stick with Windows 10. A license for the Extended Security Updates (ESU) program is sold as a subscription. For the first year, the cost is $61. For year two, the price doubles, and it doubles again for year three. The blog post doesn’t do the math on those, probably because the total is uncomfortably high. A three-year ESU subscription will cost $61 + $122 + $244, for a total of $427.

In the original announcement of Extended Security Updates last year, a Microsoft spokesperson said that there will be a version of this program for consumers, but the company has yet to provide any additional details.

5. Upgrade your ‘incompatible’ hardware to Windows 11

That pesky compatibility checker might insist that you can’t upgrade your Windows 10 PC to Windows 11, but there are indeed officially supported ways to bypass those restrictions. You just have to jump through a few technical hoops.

Also: The best Windows laptop you can buy

You can find all the details in this article: “How to upgrade your ‘incompatible’ Windows 10 PC to Windows 11.” Here’s the short version:

For PCs that were originally designed for Windows 10, you need to make one small registry edit and then make sure that your PC is configured to use Secure Boot with the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) enabled. Even an old TPM 1.2 chip will do. As many readers have confirmed via email, this process works seamlessly as long as you’ve got those configuration details set properly.

For older PCs that were originally designed for Windows 7 or Windows 8.1, you might need to use a third-party tool called Rufus to bypass installation challenges. That’s especially true on PCs that use a legacy BIOS instead of UEFI firmware and for those that don’t have access to a TPM. For details, see my ZDNET colleague Lance Whitney’s excellent post, “How to install Windows 11 the way you want (and bypass Microsoft’s restrictions).”  

And don’t be alarmed by the alarming message you might see when trying to do an unsupported upgrade. “If you proceed with installing Windows 11, your PC will no longer be supported and won’t be entitled to receive updates. Damages to your PC due to lack of compatibility aren’t covered under the manufacturer warranty.”

Also: How to screen record in Windows 10 or 11 with built-in tools

That’s deliberately misleading language. As I’ve noted before, that warning doesn’t really say that Microsoft is going to cut off your access to updates; it simply says your PC is no longer supported, and you’re no longer “entitled” to those updates. That word is a tell on Microsoft’s part, disclaiming legal responsibility without actually saying what it will do.

If you don’t want to mess with the registry and you’re willing to do a clean install, just use Rufus to create a bootable Windows 11 installation drive, which bypasses the compatibility checker completely. You’ll need to restore your data files from a backup or from the cloud, and you’ll also need to install your software from scratch, but that’s no more difficult than setting up a new PC.